Keep downloads inside the folder they were sent to, never run a file opened for editing, and let a bucket upload be retried

- A remote name went straight into Path.Combine. A POSIX name may hold backslashes, a colon or a drive
  letter, and an S3 key may hold "../", so a name chosen by whoever could write to the host decided
  where on this machine a download landed. LocalDirectory.ChildPath cleans the name and requires the
  resolved parent to be the target folder; every download path and EDIT use it, and a name that cannot
  be a file there is left on the host and reported.
- EDIT handed the copy to the shell's default action, which for .bat, .hta, .js and friends is to run
  it. LocalEditor opens such a file with its own "edit" verb or Notepad on Windows and `open -t` on
  macOS, and refuses a .desktop launcher on Linux.
- A failed bucket upload leaves its part object, and a retry asked for an offset no bucket accepts, so
  the row could never finish. IRemoteFileStore.CanWriteFromAnOffset is false for buckets and the queue
  starts those over.
- The SFTP host picker re-found its selection from the empty moment of every vault reload and landed
  on the first host once a minute; the chosen host is now remembered, and a typed password is only
  sent to the host it was typed for.

tests/DodoSSH.Client.Transfer.Tests/FakeSftpSession.cs

@@ -93,6 +93,15 @@ internal sealed class FakeSftpSession : ISftpSession
     /// </remarks>
     public int? FailReadAfter { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Whether a write may start anywhere but zero. False makes this behave like a bucket, which refuses an
+    /// offset — and, like a bucket, still keeps whatever an abandoned write had sent when it is closed.
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool CanWriteFromAnOffset { get; set; } = true;
+
+    /// <summary>Fails the next write after this many bytes, once, the way a dropped upload does.</summary>
+    public int? FailWriteAfter { get; set; }
+
     /// <summary>The offsets <see cref="OpenReadAsync"/> was asked to start at, in order.</summary>
     /// <remarks>
     /// The only direct evidence that a resume resumed. A test can see the right bytes on disk at the end
@@ -195,11 +204,19 @@ internal sealed class FakeSftpSession : ISftpSession
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public Task<Stream> OpenWriteAsync(string path, long offset, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
     {
+        if (!CanWriteFromAnOffset && offset != 0)
+        {
+            throw new SftpPathException(path, "An object cannot be written to from the middle.");
+        }
+
         lock (gate)
         {
             var existing = files.GetValueOrDefault(path, []);
+            var failAfter = FailWriteAfter;
+            FailWriteAfter = null;
 
             return Task.FromResult<Stream>(new CommittingStream(
+                failAfter,
                 existing.AsSpan(0, (int)Math.Min(offset, existing.Length)).ToArray(),
                 content =>
                 {
@@ -300,10 +317,42 @@ internal sealed class FakeSftpSession : ISftpSession
     }
 
     /// <summary>A write that lands on the fake host when it is disposed.</summary>
-    private sealed class CommittingStream(byte[] prefix, Action<byte[]> commit) : MemoryStream()
+    private sealed class CommittingStream(int? failAfter, byte[] prefix, Action<byte[]> commit) : MemoryStream()
     {
         private bool committed;
 
+        public override void Write(ReadOnlySpan<byte> buffer)
+        {
+            FailIfDue(buffer.Length);
+            base.Write(buffer);
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            FailIfDue(count);
+            base.Write(buffer, offset, count);
+        }
+
+        public override ValueTask WriteAsync(ReadOnlyMemory<byte> buffer, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            FailIfDue(buffer.Length);
+            return base.WriteAsync(buffer, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        public override Task WriteAsync(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            FailIfDue(count);
+            return base.WriteAsync(buffer, offset, count, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        private void FailIfDue(int count)
+        {
+            if (failAfter is { } limit && Length + count > limit)
+            {
+                throw new IOException("The connection dropped mid-upload.");
+            }
+        }
+
         public override void Close()
         {
             if (!committed)

tests/DodoSSH.Client.Transfer.Tests/FileTransferQueueTests.cs

@@ -145,6 +145,37 @@ public sealed class FileTransferQueueTests : IDisposable
         host.Exists(Remote("artefact.tar") + FileTransferQueue.PartSuffix).ShouldBeFalse();
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A bucket writes an object whole, so a retried upload starts again rather than resuming.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// The failed attempt leaves a part object behind — a bucket keeps what was sent when the stream closes —
+    /// and the retry used to ask for the offset that part had reached. A bucket refuses any offset, so every
+    /// retry failed until the row was discarded, under a message saying it would start again.
+    /// </remarks>
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ARetriedUploadToAStoreThatCannotResume_StartsAgainAndLands()
+    {
+        var content = Bytes(300_000);
+        await File.WriteAllBytesAsync(Local("artefact.tar"), content, Token);
+
+        host.CanWriteFromAnOffset = false;
+        host.FailWriteAfter = 100_000;
+
+        await using var queue = NewQueue();
+
+        var broken = await RunToCompletionAsync(
+            queue, TransferDirection.Upload, Local("artefact.tar"), Remote("artefact.tar"), content.Length);
+
+        broken.State.ShouldBe(TransferState.Failed);
+        host.Exists(Remote("artefact.tar") + FileTransferQueue.PartSuffix).ShouldBeTrue("what a bucket keeps");
+
+        var retried = await AwaitFinishAsync(queue, () => queue.Retry(broken.Id));
+
+        retried.State.ShouldBe(TransferState.Completed, retried.Failure);
+        host.Read(Remote("artefact.tar")).ShouldBe(content);
+    }
+
     [Fact]
     public async Task AnUploadOntoAFileThatIsAlreadyThere_IsRefusedAndLeavesItAlone()
     {

tests/DodoSSH.Client.Transfer.Tests/LocalDirectoryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+namespace DodoSSH.Client.Transfer.Tests;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// <c>LocalDirectory.ChildPath</c>: where a name another machine chose may land on this one.
+/// </summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// The assertion that matters is the same in every row — the result's parent is the directory asked about,
+/// or there is no result — because that is the property a download relies on, and it is checked against the
+/// resolved path rather than the string so that what the file system does to a name counts too.
+/// </remarks>
+public sealed class LocalDirectoryTests
+{
+    private static readonly string Directory = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "dodossh-child-path");
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("notes.txt")]
+    [InlineData("backup:2026-10-02")]
+    [InlineData(@"..\..\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup\x.bat")]
+    [InlineData(@"C:\Windows\evil.dll")]
+    [InlineData("../../escaped.txt")]
+    [InlineData("/etc/passwd")]
+    [InlineData("...")]
+    [InlineData(".hidden")]
+    public void ANameThatCanBeAFileHere_LandsDirectlyInsideTheDirectory(string name)
+    {
+        var child = LocalDirectory.ChildPath(Directory, name);
+
+        if (child is null)
+        {
+            // Only acceptable for "...", which Windows reduces to nothing; everywhere else it is a name.
+            OperatingSystem.IsWindows().ShouldBeTrue($"'{name}' was refused");
+            name.ShouldBe("...");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Path.GetDirectoryName(child).ShouldBe(Path.GetFullPath(Directory));
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("")]
+    [InlineData(" ")]
+    [InlineData(".")]
+    [InlineData("..")]
+    public void ANameThatIsOnlyHereOrAbove_IsRefused(string name) =>
+        LocalDirectory.ChildPath(Directory, name).ShouldBeNull();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Windows drops a trailing dot or space from a path component, so <c>.. </c> is <c>..</c> by the time
+    /// it reaches the disk — which a check of the string alone would have let through.
+    /// </summary>
+    [Fact]
+    public void ATrailingSpaceOrDot_DoesNotSmuggleAParentReferencePastTheCheck()
+    {
+        foreach (var name in new[] { ".. ", "...", "..  .", ". " })
+        {
+            var child = LocalDirectory.ChildPath(Directory, name);
+
+            if (child is not null)
+            {
+                Path.GetDirectoryName(child).ShouldBe(Path.GetFullPath(Directory), name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void AnOrdinaryName_IsKeptAsItIs() =>
+        Path.GetFileName(LocalDirectory.ChildPath(Directory, "nginx.conf")).ShouldBe("nginx.conf");
+}