Add data model, DbContext and initial migration (M1)

Schema for identity, vaults, grants, hosts and the sync change log, verified against a
real PostgreSQL 18 container rather than an in-memory provider: partial unique indexes,
CHECK constraints, citext and identity-always columns are all provider behaviour that an
in-memory fake would not exercise.

Invariants pushed into the database, so they hold even when application code has a bug:
- ck_host_relay_target is a security boundary, not tidiness. A host may carry a plaintext
  hostname and port ONLY when relay is deliberately enabled. Both directions are tested;
  the important one is that relay-disabled hosts cannot carry an address, since otherwise
  a bug would silently give the server infrastructure visibility it was never granted.
- ck_vault_owner: exactly one of owner_user_id or team_id, or permission resolution would
  have no defined answer.
- ck_vault_key_grant_recipient: member grants name a user; recovery and escrow grants are
  wrapped to a key and must not.
- ck_user_key_wrap_kdf: a password-derived wrap without its parameters is permanently
  unopenable, so a partial write is rejected outright.

Present from the first migration on purpose:
- GrantKind (Member/Recovery/Escrow). Recovery cannot be bolted on later — every vault
  created before it existed would be unrecoverable by design.
- team and team_membership, though team features are M3. Adding them later would mean
  introducing a foreign key on a live vault table.
- Host.ContentKeyId, reserved for per-item content keys wrapped to individual users.
- user_key as its own table, so key rotation does not require altering the user row.

Two things verified rather than assumed:
- Npgsql's UseXminAsConcurrencyToken helper no longer exists in EF 10, so xmin is mapped
  directly in XminConcurrency. The generated migration *looks* like it creates an xmin
  column; it does not. Confirmed by inspecting pg_attribute (attnum -2, a system column)
  and by grepping the emitted DDL. A test pins both, because had it created a real column
  PostgreSQL would have rejected the name.
- EF Core is now pinned centrally. The Npgsql provider asks for 10.0.4 while
  EntityFrameworkCore.Design pulls 10.0.10, and because Design is PrivateAssets=all that
  higher version does not flow to referencing projects — producing a CS1705 in any test
  project referencing Infrastructure.

Also commits artifacts/schema/v0.1.sql, the idempotent script, as the baseline for future
upgrade tests.

Verified: 0 warnings, 122 tests pass (27 new against Postgres), format clean.

Directory.Packages.props

@@ -26,6 +26,26 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.OpenApi" Version="2.11.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
+  <ItemGroup Label="Persistence">
+    <!--
+      EF Core pinned explicitly. The Npgsql provider asks only for 10.0.4 while
+      Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design pulls 10.0.10, and because Design is
+      PrivateAssets=all that higher version does not flow to referencing projects — which
+      produces a CS1705 in any test project that references Infrastructure. Pinning here lifts
+      every project to one version via central transitive pinning.
+    -->
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="10.0.10" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Relational" Version="10.0.10" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL" Version="10.0.3" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="10.0.10" />
+    <!--
+      Verified compatible with EF 10 before adopting; the plan flagged this package as
+      historically lagging EF majors. Fallback if it ever blocks an upgrade is explicit
+      HasColumnName in every IEntityTypeConfiguration: more code, zero risk.
+    -->
+    <PackageVersion Include="EFCore.NamingConventions" Version="10.0.1" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
   <ItemGroup Label="Cryptography">
     <!--
       NSec wraps libsodium. Chosen over the BCL because .NET has no X25519 or Ed25519, and
@@ -64,6 +84,8 @@
     <PackageVersion Include="xunit.v3" Version="3.2.2" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Shouldly" Version="4.3.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="NSubstitute" Version="6.0.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Testcontainers.PostgreSql" Version="4.13.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Respawn" Version="7.0.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
 
 </Project>